abstract：:Oxidative stress leads to impaired T cell activation. A central integrator of T cell activation is the actin-remodelling protein cofilin. Cofilin is activated through dephosphorylation at Ser3. Activated cofilin enables actin dynamics through severing and depolymerization of F-actin. Binding of cofilin to actin is req...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Klemke M,Wabnitz GH,Funke F,Funk B,Kirchgessner H,Samstag Y

更新日期：2008-09-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about the functional differences between the human skin myeloid dendritic cell (DC) subsets, epidermal CD207(+) Langerhans cells (LCs) and dermal CD14(+) DCs. We showed that CD14(+) DCs primed CD4(+) T cells into cells that induce naive B cells to switch isotype and become plasma cells. In contrast, LC...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Klechevsky E,Morita R,Liu M,Cao Y,Coquery S,Thompson-Snipes L,Briere F,Chaussabel D,Zurawski G,Palucka AK,Reiter Y,Banchereau J,Ueno H

更新日期：2008-09-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the center of the immunological synapse (the central supramolecular activation cluster or cSMAC) is controversial. One model suggests that the role of the cSMAC depends on antigen quality and can both enhance signaling and receptor downregulation, whereas a second model proposes that the sole function of t...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Cemerski S,Das J,Giurisato E,Markiewicz MA,Allen PM,Chakraborty AK,Shaw AS

更新日期：2008-09-19 00:00:00

abstract：:TNF clearly contributes to immunity to intracellular pathogens, but how it does so is incompletely understood. In this issue of Immunity, Clay et al. (2008) provide unique insights, using intravital microscopy and the zebrafish-embryo model of tuberculosis. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Miller EA,Ernst JD

更新日期：2008-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In this issue of Immunity, Curotto de Lafaille et al. (2008) show that adaptive T regulatory cells control airway inflammation and that it is when they are generated that determines whether they function during acute or chronic inflammation. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Ziegler SF

更新日期：2008-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Modulation of surface T cell antigen receptor (TCR) expression is an important mechanism for the regulation of immune responses and the prevention of T cell hyperactivation and autoimmunity. The TCR is rapidly internalized after antigen stimulation and then degraded in lysosomes. However, few of the molecules involved...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Ouchida R,Yamasaki S,Hikida M,Masuda K,Kawamura K,Wada A,Mochizuki S,Tagawa M,Sakamoto A,Hatano M,Tokuhisa T,Koseki H,Saito T,Kurosaki T,Wang JY

更新日期：2008-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammation mediated by antibody-antigen complexes contributes to autoimmune diseases. Mice deficient in the common Fcgamma-chain are protected from IgG-mediated glomerulonephritis and the reverse passive Arthus (RPA) reaction and FcR-bearing macrophages, and mast cells have been assigned primary roles in these proce...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Tsuboi N,Asano K,Lauterbach M,Mayadas TN

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigen-dependent T cell activation drives the formation of signaling microclusters containing the adaptor SLP-76. Costimulatory integrins regulate SLP-76 phosphorylation and could influence SLP-76 microclusters in the integrin-rich periphery of the immune synapse. We report that costimulation by the integrin VLA-4 (a...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Nguyen K,Sylvain NR,Bunnell SC

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 2006, a clinical trial with the CD28 superagonistic antibody TGN1412 in London turned into a catastrophe. Studies are beginning to unravel the difference between the human and preclinical animal response to the antibody. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Schraven B,Kalinke U

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytokine signaling via a restricted number of Jak-Stat pathways positively and negatively regulates all cell types involved in the initiation, propagation, and resolution of inflammation. Here, we focus on Jak-Stat signaling in three major cell types involved in inflammatory responses: T cells, neutrophils, and macrop...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： O'Shea JJ,Murray PJ

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is activated by DNA presented in acidified, intracellular compartments. Previous studies suggested that signaling required unmethylated CpG dinucleotides, but in this issue of Immunity, Haas et al. (2008) challenge this view, showing that DNA can activate TLR9 in a sequence-independent ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Gangloff M,Gay NJ

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For several days after antigenic stimulation, human cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones exhibit a decrease in their effector activity and in their binding to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-peptide tetramers. We observed that, when in this state, CTLs lose the colocalization of the T cell receptor (TCR) and CD8. Effecto...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Demotte N,Stroobant V,Courtoy PJ,Van Der Smissen P,Colau D,Luescher IF,Hivroz C,Nicaise J,Squifflet JL,Mourad M,Godelaine D,Boon T,van der Bruggen P

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apoptotic death of T lymphocytes is critical for shutdown of immune responses and hemopoietic cell homeostasis. Both death receptor (Fas) activation and mitochondrial apoptosis triggered by the BH3-only protein Bim have been implicated in the killing of antigen-stimulated T cells. We examined mice lacking the gene enc...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Hughes PD,Belz GT,Fortner KA,Budd RC,Strasser A,Bouillet P

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cells that produce IL-17 (T helper 17 cells) are implicated in autoimmune pathogenesis. In this issue of Immunity, Yang et al. (2008) report that the closely related orphan nuclear receptors ROR alpha and ROR gamma t work together to regulate T helper (Th)17 cell differentiation. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Sundrud MS,Rao A

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Null mutations that cripple T cell receptor (TCR) signaling explain rare primary immunodeficiencies, but it is not understood why more common polymorphisms that lead to subtle TCR signaling defects are paradoxically associated with autoimmunity. Here we analyzed how a series of Zap70 variants with step-wise decreases ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Siggs OM,Miosge LA,Yates AL,Kucharska EM,Sheahan D,Brdicka T,Weiss A,Liston A,Goodnow CC

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:microRNA-155 (miR-155) is expressed by cells of the immune system after activation and has been shown to be required for antibody production after vaccination with attenuated Salmonella. Here we show the intrinsic requirement for miR-155 in B cell responses to thymus-dependent and -independent antigens. B cells lackin...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Vigorito E,Perks KL,Abreu-Goodger C,Bunting S,Xiang Z,Kohlhaas S,Das PP,Miska EA,Rodriguez A,Bradley A,Smith KG,Rada C,Enright AJ,Toellner KM,Maclennan IC,Turner M

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The thymus generates major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted alphabetaT cells that only recognize antigenic ligands in association with MHC or MHC-like molecules. We hypothesized that MHC specificity might be imposed on a broader alphabetaTCR repertoire during thymic selection by CD4 and CD8 coreceptors that...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Van Laethem F,Sarafova SD,Park JH,Tai X,Pobezinsky L,Guinter TI,Adoro S,Adams A,Sharrow SO,Feigenbaum L,Singer A

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this Commentary, McKee et al. highlight the properties of extrinsic vaccine adjuvants that must be considered to achieve the most protective immune response, as occurs naturally with many intrinsic pathogen-derived adjuvants. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： McKee AS,Munks MW,Marrack P

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The innate immune system comprises several classes of pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-1-like receptors (RLRs). TLRs recognize microbes on the cell surface and in endosomes, whereas NLRs and RLRs detect microbial components in the cytosol. Here we ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Kanneganti TD,Lamkanfi M,Núñez G

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Foxp3+ T cell lineage is thought to arise from self-specific precursors during development. By using a unique mouse model, Pacholczyk et al. (2007) present compelling evidence that self-specific cells are exceedingly rare among Foxp3(-) and, surprisingly, Foxp3+ subsets. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Stephens GL,Shevach EM

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activated CD8(+) T cells can differentiate into transient effector cells or long-lived memory cells. In this issue of Immunity, Joshi et al. (2007) suggest that inflammatory cytokines dictate this balance by regulating the expression of the transcription factor T-bet. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Hamilton SE,Jameson SC

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and Bcl-2-antagonist/killer (Bak) are essential regulators of lymphocyte apoptosis, but whether they play a role in viable T cell function remains unclear. Here, we report that T cells lacking both Bax and Bak display defects in antigen-specific proliferation because of Ca(2+)-sign...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Jones RG,Bui T,White C,Madesh M,Krawczyk CM,Lindsten T,Hawkins BJ,Kubek S,Frauwirth KA,Wang YL,Conway SJ,Roderick HL,Bootman MD,Shen H,Foskett JK,Thompson CB

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is required for immunoglobulin (Ig) gene class switch recombination (CSR), somatic hypermutation (SHM), and somatic hyperconversion. In general, high AID expression is found in mature B cells that are responding to antigens. However, AID expression and SHM have also been det...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Han JH,Akira S,Calame K,Beutler B,Selsing E,Imanishi-Kari T

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription factor Pax5 is a critical regulator of B lymphocyte commitment and identity. In this issue of Immunity, Schebesta et al. (2007) demonstrate how Pax5 activates 170 different genes involved in B cell signaling, adhesion, migration, and maturation. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Hagman J,Lukin K

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much of the current understanding in hematopoietic stem cell differentiation into immune-cell lineages comes from mouse studies, but how well does it translate to the human system? ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Payne KJ,Crooks GM

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcriptional repressor Blimp-1 is considered the master regulator of plasma-cell differentiation. In this issue of Immunity, Kallies et al. (2007) identify a Blimp-1-independent stage of differentiation, followed by Blimp-1-dependent terminal differentiation. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Klein U,Dalla-Favera R

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adaptive immune responses by dendritic cells (DCs) are critically controlled by Toll-like receptor (TLR) function. Little is known about modulation of TLR-specific signaling by other pathogen receptors. Here, we have identified a molecular signaling pathway induced by the C-type lectin DC-SIGN that modulates TLR signa...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Gringhuis SI,den Dunnen J,Litjens M,van Het Hof B,van Kooyk Y,Geijtenbeek TB

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent evidence has suggested that signals other than those from Toll-like receptors (TLRs) could contribute to the elicitation of antigen-specific immunity. Therefore, we examined the role of the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family member, Nod1, in the generation of adaptive immune responses. Our findings show that innate...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Fritz JH,Le Bourhis L,Sellge G,Magalhaes JG,Fsihi H,Kufer TA,Collins C,Viala J,Ferrero RL,Girardin SE,Philpott DJ

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent work has identified a new subset of effector T cells that produces interleukin (IL)-17 known as T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which is involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases and is thought to be developmentally related to regulatory T (Treg) cells. Because of its importance for Treg cells, we exam...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Laurence A,Tato CM,Davidson TS,Kanno Y,Chen Z,Yao Z,Blank RB,Meylan F,Siegel R,Hennighausen L,Shevach EM,O'shea JJ

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ikaros family members play an important role in hematopoietic development. Thompson et al. (2007) show that pre-BCR signaling induces Aiolos expression, which in turn suppresses the expression of the pre-BCR component lambda5 and eliminates the very structure that signaled its appearance. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Kioussis D

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton requires nucleating factors, which initiate actin fiber formation. In this issue of Immunity, the functions of two classes of actin nucleators are examined in T lymphocytes, giving insight into the regulation of T cell polarity (Gomez et al., 2007). ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Schwartzberg PL

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A key event in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergies is the production of IgE antibodies. We show here that IgE(+) cells were exceptional because they were largely found outside germinal centers and expressed, from very early on, a genetic program of plasma cells. In spite of their extragerminal center localization...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Erazo A,Kutchukhidze N,Leung M,Christ AP,Urban JF Jr,Curotto de Lafaille MA,Lafaille JJ

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization is considered to be actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex dependent. We therefore examined the requirement for Arp2/3- and formin-dependent F-actin nucleation during T cell activation. We demonstrated that without Arp2/3-mediated actin nucleation, stimulated...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Gomez TS,Kumar K,Medeiros RB,Shimizu Y,Leibson PJ,Billadeau DD

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Control of integrin-mediated adhesion and migration by chemokines plays a critical role in B cell development, differentiation, and function; however, the underlying signaling mechanisms are poorly defined. Here we show that the chemokine SDF-1 induced activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and that integrin-med...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： de Gorter DJ,Beuling EA,Kersseboom R,Middendorp S,van Gils JM,Hendriks RW,Pals ST,Spaargaren M

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4-signaling pathway that involves the adaptor protein TRIF activates type I interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Little is known about how TRIF pathway-dependent gene expression is regulated. SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) is a widely e...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： An H,Zhao W,Hou J,Zhang Y,Xie Y,Zheng Y,Xu H,Qian C,Zhou J,Yu Y,Liu S,Feng G,Cao X

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the bone marrow, the special microenvironment niches nurture a pool of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Many HSCs reside near the vasculature, but the molecular regulatory mechanism of niches for HSC maintenance remains unclear. Here we showed that the induced deletion of CXCR4, a receptor for CXC chemokine ligand ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Sugiyama T,Kohara H,Noda M,Nagasawa T

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How is the amoeboid movement of lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs orchestrated? In this issue of Immunity, Bajénoff et al. (2006) demonstrate that stromal cell networks serve as guidance structures that direct and limit the migration of B and T cells in lymph nodes. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Mempel TR,Junt T,von Andrian UH

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The integrin alpha9beta1 is widely expressed on neutrophils, smooth muscle, hepatocytes, endothelia, and some epithelia. We now show that mice lacking this integrin have a dramatic defect in neutrophil development, with decreased numbers of granulocyte precursors in bone marrow and impaired differentiation of bone mar...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Chen C,Huang X,Atakilit A,Zhu QS,Corey SJ,Sheppard D

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Janus kinases are critical for cytokine signaling. Mutations of Jak3 cause primary immunodeficiency, but Minegishi et al. (2006) now show that mutation of another Jak, tyrosine kinase 2, underlies another human immunodeficiency syndrome. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Watford WT,O'Shea JJ

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Crosspresentation of exogenous antigens (Ags) to CD8(+) T cells by dendritic cells generally requires their entry into the cytosol. Here we show that both soluble and phagocytosed extracellular Ags accessed the cytosol via molecular components required for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD). Exog...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Ackerman AL,Giodini A,Cresswell P

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00